Client Education

Health, Fitness and Nutrition

Aging and Alcohol Abuse

By: National Institute on Aging

Anyone at any age can have a drinking problem. Great Uncle George may have always been a heavy drinker — his family may find that as he gets older the problem gets worse. Grandma Betty may have been a teetotaler all her life, just taking a drink "to help her get to sleep"after her husband died — now she needs a couple of drinks to get through the day. These are common stories. Drinking problems in older people are often neglected by families, doctors and the public.

Physical Effects of Alcohol

Alcohol slows down brain activity. Because alcohol affects alertness, judgment, coordination and reaction time, drinking also increases the risk of falls and accidents. Some research has shown that it takes less alcohol to affect older people than younger ones. Over time, heavy drinking permanently damages the brain and central nervous system, as well as the liver, heart, kidneys and stomach. Alcohol's effects can make some medical problems hard to diagnose. For example, alcohol causes changes in the heart and blood vessels that can dull pain that might be a warning sign of a heart attack. It also can cause forgetfulness and confusion, which can seem like Alzheimer's disease.

Mixing Drugs

Alcohol, itself a drug, is often harmful if mixed with prescription or over-the-counter medicines. This is a special problem for people older than 65, because they are often heavy users of prescription medicines and over-the-counter drugs. Mixing alcohol with other drugs such as tranquilizers, sleeping pills, painkillers and antihistamines can be dangerous, even fatal. For example, aspirin can cause bleeding in the stomach and intestines; when it is combined with alcohol, the risk of bleeding is much higher. As people age, the body's ability to absorb and dispose of alcohol and other drugs changes. Anyone who drinks should check with a doctor or pharmacist about possible problems with drug and alcohol interactions.

Who Becomes a Problem Drinker?

There are two types of problem drinkers: chronic and situational. Chronic abusers have been heavy drinkers for many years. Although many chronic abusers die by middle age, some live well into old age. Most older problem drinkers are in this group. Other people may develop a drinking problem late in life, often because of situational factors such as retirement, lowered income, failing health, loneliness, or the death of friends or loved ones. At first, having a drink brings relief, but later it can turn into a problem.

How to Recognize a Drinking Problem

Not everyone who drinks regularly has a drinking problem. You might want to get help if you:

• Drink to calm your nerves, forget your worries, or reduce depression
• Lose interest in food
• Gulp your drinks fast
• Lie to try to hide your drinking habits
• Drink alone more often
• Hurt yourself, or someone else, while drinking
• Were drunk more than three or four times last year
• Need more alcohol to get "high"
• Feel irritable, resentful or unreasonable when you are not drinking
• Have medical, social or financial problems caused by drinking

Getting Help

Older problem drinkers have a very good chance for recovery because once they decide to seek help, they usually stay with treatment programs. You can begin getting help by calling your family doctor or clergy member. Your local health department or social services agencies can also help.

Resources:

Alcoholics Anonymous is a voluntary fellowship of alcoholics who help themselves and each other get and stay sober. Check the phone book for a local chapter or write the national office at 475 Riverside Drive, 11th Floor, New York, NY 10115; or call (212) 870-3400.

The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism provides information on alcohol abuse and alcoholism. Contact NIAAA, 6000 Executive Blvd., Bethesda, MD 20892-7003; or call (301) 443-3860.

National Institute on Aging

U. S. Department of Health and Human Services

Public Health Service

National Institutes of Health

1995